Ancient sources in the Aegean were Melos and Giali. There are only four major deposit areas in the central Mediterranean: Lipari, Pantelleria, Palmarola and Monte Arci. states of Virginia, as well as Pennsylvania. Obsidian can also be found in the eastern U.S. states including Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, Utah, Washington, Oregon and Idaho. Yellowstone National Park has a mountainside containing obsidian located between Mammoth Hot Springs and the Norris Geyser Basin, and deposits can be found in many other western U.S. Obsidian flows which may be hiked on are found within the calderas of Newberry Volcano and Medicine Lake Volcano in the Cascade Range of western North America, and at Inyo Craters east of the Sierra Nevada in California. It can be found in Argentina,Armenia, Azerbaijan, Canada, Chile, Georgia, Greece, El Salvador, Guatemala, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Scotland, Turkey and the United States. Obsidian can be found in locations which have experienced rhyolitic eruptions. Pig carved in snowflake obsidian, 10 centimeters (4 in) long. This breakdown of obsidian is accelerated by the presence of water. Because obsidian is metastable at the Earth’s surface (over time the glass becomes fine-grained mineral crystals), no obsidian has been found that is older than Cretaceous age. Crystalline rocks with obsidian’s composition include granite and rhyolite. Obsidian consists mainly of SiO2 (silicon dioxide), usually 70% or more. Though obsidian is usually dark in color similar to mafic rocks such as basalt, obsidian’s composition is extremely felsic. It is sometimes classified as a mineraloid. Obsidian is mineral-like, but not a true mineral because as a glass it is not crystalline in addition, its composition is too complex to comprise a single mineral. Tektites were once thought by many to be obsidian produced by lunar volcanic eruptions, though few scientists now adhere to this hypothesis. Having a low water content when newly formed typically less than 1% water by weight, becomes progressively hydrated when exposed to groundwater, forming perlite. Obsidian is the rock formed as a result of cooled lava, which is the parent material.
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